Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)

Sambucus nigra, commonly known as Black Elderberry, is a deciduous shrub that is native to Europe and North America. In Estonia it is native to the western parts and islands. It is a popular plant in plant nurseries due to its attractive appearance and medicinal properties.

The Black Elderberry shrub typically grows to a height of 3-4m and has a spreading habit, with multiple stems and branches forming a dense, rounded crown. The leaves are pinnately compound, with 5-9 serrated leaflets that are dark green in color. In the spring, the shrub produces large, flat clusters of fragrant, cream-colored flowers that are followed by clusters of small, dark purple to black berries in the summer. The berries are not only visually appealing but also edible and are known for their high antioxidant content and immune-boosting properties.

Sambucus nigra is a relatively low-maintenance plant that prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soils. It is also tolerant of a wide range of soil types and can adapt to various growing conditions. It is commonly used in gardens and landscapes as a specimen plant, hedge, or wildlife habitat plant, as the berries attract birds and butterflies.

In addition to its ornamental value, Sambucus nigra is also used for its medicinal properties. The flowers and berries of the Black Elderberry have been traditionally used in herbal medicine for their immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties. The raw berries are mildly toxic, but after heating are suitable to make syrup, jams, and teas.